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Solid Workmanship

A Unique Perspective on the Bosnian ConflictIn any war today, a variety of correspondents are distributed to the region. This book is a compilation of essays brought in by several well-known correspondents or commentators, including Arthur Miller.
What is great about this book is the diversity of opinions as well as scenarios that are brought to us by the contributors. Some talk about the reasons the war came about, while others focus on effects on Europe, and the United States. Perhaps the most important essays are those that discuss the big reason that almost any recent conflict in Europe came to be....nationalism. Filled with insight, and evidence, this book brings a different perspective to what most of us just know from CNN or the Nightly News. By bringing us closer to the war by describing problems the common citizens of Bosnia see, it may strike a personal chord with some of us.
Several essays in this book bring about how truly pathetic and tragic the war really was. One of the most saddening was one essay by Slavenka Drakulic who commented about the destruction of the Mostar Bridge, a monument that had stood since the invasion by the Ottomans. In these few lines, the full destruction of the war is captured.
A book by the writers and authors of the New Republic, this book was enjoyable mostly because of how well written the essays in it were, but also because of how much information they brought out. Why this book differs from several others is mostly because it is not just hard, cold facts, but rather opinion and insight that give it more depth than several others.
I would reccomend this book to anyone to anyone who is interested on looking at the conflict in Bosnia at a deeper level.


Guide to post-Dayton Bosnia

The title says it all...

Extract from ¿Books on Bosnia¿, London 1999

historical roots of the term "ethnic cleansing"Ronen's book is not only eminently well argued but also outstanding in its careful usage of terminology. He should be specially applauded for surveying the historical roots of the term "ethnic cleansing". Not having done a survey myself, I take Ronen's conclusions at face value: in recent times the first instance of using the term in English occured in 1991 (p. 96.) and the context was, of course, Yugoslavia. As historian of the 20th century however, I would like to provide one small edition to the history of the term, based on Inis L. Claude's seminal work entitled: National Minorities, An International Problem (Harvard University Press, 1955). On p. 98. Claude tells us that On 15 December 1944, the British Prime Minister Wiston Churchill told the House of Commons that contemplated revisions of Poland's borders would involve the "shifting" of several millions of people, and added: "expulsion is the method which, so far as we have been able to see, will be the most satisfactory and lasting. There will be no mixture of populations to cause enless trouble. (...) A clean sweep will be made." Claude is, of course, quick to cite Churchill's subjective remark explaining how the terrible toll the British had to pay in the Second World "numbed" his sensitivity to certain "drastic solutions". Indeed, under Chrurchill's historic leadership the British people became the moral heroes of that terrible war standing up to Nazi Germany earlier than any other nation except the Poles. That Chruchill's suggestion of a "clean sweep" in which the German-inhabited areas of the future, victorious Poland would be "swept clean" of Germans should relate to precisely that other country which, besides Britain, chose to stand up to Hitler rather than accept defeat without a fight, is understandable. Nonetheless, the fact remains that Churchill drew the most pessimistic and extreme lesson from the war, namely that nation states cannot be expected to provide a "common roof" for ethnic minorities, and, with this conclusion, he effectively encouraged, yes, the ethnic cleansing, of Germans and other minorities from Central and Eastern Europe. One could perhaps do a deeper survey of historical texts to detect other antecedents, most likely to be found in the literature advocating the conquest of Europe by the Germans. However, the reference to Chruchill remains a striking illustration of the sad fact that - at least in practice, if not in theory - the idea of ethnic cleansing has not been unthinkable in the 20th century even for democrats, not even for the greatest moral hero of the 20th century.


the story of the reign of boris III of bulgaria (1918-1943)

A well-ordered summary of Balcanian break-up

Effective study of the evils of partitionKumar examines other examples of partition and addresses the difficulties of reversing it. For instance, Blair's bullying tactics have now stalled the Irish peace process. He set five deadlines for implementing the Good Friday Agreement; he blustered that 'there was no Plan B'. According to the Agreement, the IRA did not have to decommission its weapons: then Blair said they would, then he said they wouldn't. As long as the British Government has not set a date for withdrawal, all the Irish parties remain dependent on Britain, relating primarily to the British presence, either loving or hating the 'Brits'. Once the Government sets a date, then they will all have to focus on their common task of rebuilding their beautiful country.
In an ironic reversal, partition could now be visited upon Britain; the European Union is regionalising 'Euroland', to break up sovereign nation states. It fosters identity politics, puffing up cultural and regional identifications at the expense of class and national realities.
Kumar points out that the way to reverse partition is to achieve peace through development. But the US-British-EU aim of strengthening 'market democracy' cuts across this goal, because it generates divisions and inequalities. Every country needs to create a common commitment to a strategy of rebuilding; they each need a workers' nationalism to unite and liberate their country.


Passionate, usparing
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